Planning a Developmentally Appropriate Program for Children free essay sample

During preschool, kids experience structured time together that is both fun and educational. In our preschool they learn how to bond with their peers, follow directions and stick to a schedule; all skills that prepare them for school. For children with special needs, there are certain pre-school activities that work particularly well to keep them engaged, focused and actively learning. Here are two lessons that helps children with special needs, both in the classroom and at home, get the most out of their learning experiences. Sensory tables offer a wealth of benefits for children with special needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Planning a Developmentally Appropriate Program for Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Engaging in sensory experiences like running fingers through dried rice or pouring water can distract and calm a child who is feeling over-stimulated or anxious. It promotes self –discovery and encourages a child to explore new textures which in turn supports social and emotional development. The second lesson is light box its a fun and mesmerizing for all children, but it specifically helps to increase the attention spans of children with special needs. Children can spend hours with a light box, exercising their fine motor skills by creating illuminated patterns and pictures with brightly colored transparent shapes. Even better, this easy homemade version works great in a home or classroom. Be sure to have plenty of brightly colored transparent items on hand like decorating rocks, plastic blocks and even colored salt/sand.Keeping children healthy, nutritional and safety is one of the most important tasks for daycare center providers. Whether children are in the center- or home-based care, providers are responsible for ensuring safety both indoor and outdoor. It’s highly important to enhance this three things that are will help center to develop and maintain the daycare center and letting the child grow in an appropriate way to develop their skills and stay healthy.To help save our beautiful planet our center will communicate with parents via email. This will include daily newsletters, upcoming event, update and pictures of the children. Our main aim is to see success of our children as they blossom to be a beautiful educators and person.Inspired by the hope and dreams of our children.

Active Audience

Active Audience Audience is important in any communication process because the media constructs and conveys information for the people. Moreover, it would not exist if there were no public1. Therefore, an audience is the group of people or the public to which information is being conveyed to.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Active Audience specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this case, an active audience is that which assesses and interprets the information that is passed by the media and reacts according to the facts conveyed. The active audience may reply, tell to another person or buy a product as a result of the information received; more generally, people make active discretions according to what they find out from the media. Its importance to the theorization of audience dates back to the 1970s and 1980s when more researchers and theorists, such as David Gauntlett, Frank Biocca, among others, became increasingly focused o n media audience2. Most of them centered on gaining more useful understanding of what people do with the media in their daily lives. Vital characteristics identified include the selectivity by the active audience on the type of media they choose to use, the utilitarianism of active audience to use media to meet their needs and goals intentionality as the media content works on to achieve purposeful and complete involvement of the active audiences, in order to influence it. Polysemy Polysemy is the association of a word to more than one distinct meaning. A polyseme is a word or phrase with multiple meanings. In relation to media audience and the theorization of the audience, a word may have more than one meaning when it is received by the different audiences which may differ from what was intended by the sender of the information3. The audience may interpret information conveyed based on its social background or surroundings or previously received data that is related to the one rece ived at the moment. Therefore, different receivers of the same information may have different understanding of the same information. Therefore, the texts are viewed as polysemic and related to gratification theory which discusses how users proactively search for media that will not only meet a given need but enhance knowledge, social interactions and diversion4.Advertising Looking for assessment on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More That is why, the whole society should be very interested in the way of how the media are accepted and work on further to see its influence on people and their lives. According to this approach, it is also emphasized that people decide on their own what type of media to select which will be perfect for them. The theory also states that media is necessary for the current society as a way to meet and satisfy individuals needs and desires5. To sum everything up, it can be concluded that media should always remain competitive in the sphere of entertainment to please its consumers. Public Sphere Public sphere is an area in social life where people can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems, and through that discussion, influence political action. It is a discursive space in which individuals and groups congregate to discuss matters of mutual interest and, where possible, to reach a common judgment. The public sphere can be seen as a theater in modern societies in which political participation is enacted through the medium of talk and a realm of social life in which public opinion can be formed. Among the institutions that contribute to the make-up of a public sphere in society, the media, perhaps, perform the most critical function6. In fact, the media play an active role in the public sphere because TV, radio as well as press become innovators in the society implementing new things and promoting innovations or even some revo lutionary lifestyles and movements. In this study, it is revealed that media, as a rule, do not agree with some other power that tries to dominate or influence the society as it becomes viewed as a threat that may undermine its authority and/or limit its powers. Thus, the type of the relationships between the media and some country are defined by the level of states intervention and control over the public sphere7. As an example, the case occurred in the 18th century can be given when the opposition of the Bengal Gazette and the British government was too evident to be kept in a secret. After such impudent attacks on the authorities, any attempts of the media to criticize the politics and influence it are excluded.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Active Audience specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reception Analysis Based on polysemic understanding of texts or information by different audiences, reception analysis goes beyond the different perception and takes a close look at what is actually going on. Reception analysis concentrates more on the audience and how the people come to a particular understanding view of a text or information8. To some extent, it is obvious that each of us will decode or translate texts in ways that reflect our personal experience. So, gender, class, occupation and personal circumstances are all important in determining how we decode a text. Once it is accepted that audiences are active, it begins to construct meanings; there are obvious implications for research methodology. Quantitative research is not suited to investigate the construction of meaning. To understand the meanings that people take from a text, it is necessary to get closer to individual audience members and engage them at a personal level-qualitative research9. Once this research technique is employed, simple answers become impossible as complexity takes over. Media Ethnography The term ethnograph y has come to be equated with virtually any qualitative research where the intent is to provide a detailed, in-depth description of everyday life and practice10. Another term, which describes this issue, is called thick description; it was suggested and developed by the anthropologist Clifford Geertz who worked on an interpretive theory of culture in the 1970s11. In this case, media ethnography will refer to the means in which mass media interprets using its own tools, and the use of qualitative methods, particularly ethnography, which distinguishes media anthropology from other disciplinary approaches.Advertising Looking for assessment on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The interest in and importance of the media increased with the development of studies examining this issue. However, these do not always use the anthropological methods to study ethnography12. Media Ethnography is important to the theorization of audience as it establishes the cause effects through its research processes and hence eliminates room for doubts in the assessment of the audience as it relates to the process of communication with the same. Bibliography Abercrombie, N, Television and Society, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1996. Bauer, RA, ‘The obstinate audience’, American Psychologist, vol. 19, no. 7, 1964, pp. 319-328. Amacher, R Lange, V, New Perspectives in German Literary Criticism, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1979. Bauer, RA Bauer, A, ‘America, Mass society, and mass media’, Journal of Social Issues, vol. 16 no. 4, 1960a pp.3-66. Barwise, TP, Ehrenberg, AS Goodhardt, GJ, ‘Glued to the box: Patterns of TV repetitive-viewingâ₠¬â„¢, Journal of Communication, vol. 32, no. 5, 1982, pp. 22-29. Berelson, B, ‘The state of communication research’ Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 23, no. 3, 1959, pp. 1-6. Christian, SK, ‘Making sense of audience discourses: Towards a multidimensional model of mass media reception’, European Journal of Cultural Studies vol. 67, No. 3, 2000, pp. 3; 233. Iser, W, The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1978. Jauss, RH, Toward an Aesthetic of Reception, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1982. Hoey, BA, What is Ethnography?, Brianhoey.com, 2011, 23 March 2012, brianhoey.com/General%20Site/general_defn-ethnography.htm. Holub, RC, Crossing Borders: Reception Theory, Poststructuralism, Deconstruction. University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1992. Wood, H, The mediated conversational floor: an interactive approach to audience reception analysis, Media Culture Society, vol. 29, no. 1, 2007, p. 75-103. Footn otes 1 H Wood, The mediated conversational floor: an interactive approach to audience reception analysis, Media Culture Society, vol. 29, no. 1, 2007, p. 75-103. 2 RH Jauss. Toward an Aesthetic of Reception, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1982. 3 S K Christian, Making sense of audience discourses: Towards a multidimensional model of mass media reception, European Journal of Cultural Studies Vol. 67, No. 3, 2000, pp. 3; 233. 4 N Abercrombie, Television and Society, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1996. 5 RC Holub, Crossing Borders: Reception Theory, Poststructuralism, Deconstruction, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1992. 6 TP Barwise, AS Ehrenberg GJ Goodhardt, Glued to the box: Patterns of TV repetitive-viewing, Journal of Communication, Vol. 32, no. 5, 1982, pp. 22-29. 7 RA Bauer A Bauer, America, Mass society, and mass media. Journal of Social Issues, vol. 16 no. 4, 1960a pp.3-66. 8 R Amacher V Lange, eds. New Perspectives in German Literary Criticism, Princeton Univers ity Press, Princeton, 1979. 9 RA Bauer, The obstinate audience, American Psychologist, vol. 19, no. 7, 1964b, pp. 319-328. 10 BA Hoey, What is Ethnography?, Brianhoey.com, 2011. 11 B. Berelson, The state of communication research, Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 23, no. 3, 1959, pp. 1-6. 12 W Iser, The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1978.

MCAT Scoring 101

MCAT Scoring 101 MCAT Score Frequently Asked Questions    MCAT scoring information will no doubt have you lying awake at night, worried that you may have missed something. Sometimes, you can get so worried about your score, that it prohibits you from doing your absolute best on the exam itself. Lets not go there, shall we? Heres MCAT Scoring 101. This article contains details about how your MCAT score works, so you dont divert any of those very important brain cells toward needless fretfulness. Trust me, youll have enough to worry about when it comes time to prepare for this bad boy! MCAT Scoring Basics When you get your MCAT score report back, youll see scores for the four multiple choice sections:  Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems,  Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems,  Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior, and  Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills  (CARS).  Ã‚   MCAT Score Report When you get your score report back, youll see your percentile ranks, confidence bands and score profiles. The percentile rank is merely how well youve done in comparison to others whove taken your exam. Youll see percentile ranks for every one of the four sections and your overall score. The confidence bands are visual clues to show the approximate area where your score lies, since the scores from the MCAT will never be perfectly precise (statistics rarely are). The confidence bands help discourage distinctions between test-takers with really similar scores. The score profiles show your weaknesses and strengths across all four sections.   MCAT Scoring Numbers Each one of the four sections can earn you between a 118 and a 132, making your highest possible cumulative score a 528 since the cumulative score is the sum of the four sections instead of an average. At press time, the national MCAT score average was a 500.   MCAT Raw to Scaled Scoring Your scores are based on the number of questions you answer correctly, but since you realize that you will be answering more than 15 questions per section, there is some score scaling involed. You are not penalized for incorrect or incomplete answers; only your accurate answers are counted.  The scaling system is not a constant thing, either, in order to account for different questions on different exams. A new raw to scaled score table is defined for each MCAT administration to provide for variances in testing questions. MCAT Scoring Retrieval So, how do you get your score report? In order to retrieve your MCAT scores, youll need to use the MCAT Testing History (THx) System on the AAMC website and will have to have an AAMC login user name and password. The THx is the online score release site that you use to view your scores and send them to different application services/schools. Your scores will be available about 30 – 35 days after you test, so keep that in mind when you register if youre pushing your application deadline! Current MCAT Score Release Dates Sending Your MCAT Scores Once you access your score report after logging in, click the link that reads â€Å"send all my scores.† On the next screen, you can scroll through different application services and schools to which youd like to submit your scores. Click the recipients youd like and then scroll to the bottom of the screen and hit Submit to send your scores. Since AAMC has a full disclosure policy, you may not send select scores to schools. If you choose to send, youll be sending every one of your MCAT scores from each test administration if youve tested more than once. More MCAT Scoring Information So, now you know the basics! If youd like more answers to all of your MCAT scoring questions, then take a peek at these MCAT Score FAQs to find out about things like what good MCAT scores look like based on the top 15 schools, average national MCAT scores, score percentiles and more!

Bacterial Meningitis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bacterial Meningitis - Research Paper Example d deep kissing, suffer from chronic ear and nose infection, and who have contracted pneumococcal pneumonia are at a higher risk of developing this disease. This ailment is characterized by high fever, headaches, increasing drowsiness, and irritability. Immediate medical attention has to be obtained, upon suspecting the presence of this disease. In general, it is advisable to undergo hospitalization. The recommended therapy is to administer antibiotics. Despite the reported 10% fatality rate of this disease, early diagnosis and treatment have ensured recovery in the majority of the patients. The most common cause of meningitis is bacterial or viral infection that has commenced in some other region of the body. Some examples are, the ears, sinuses, or upper respiratory tract. On occasion, meningitis results from autoimmune disorders, fungal infections, and medications. Bacterial meningitis proves to be contagious with regard to people who are in close physical contact (Johnson, 2013). The inflammation of the meninges or the membranes that enclose the spinal cord and the brain, constitutes bacterial meningitis. The cause of the inflammation is bacterial infection that can prove to be fatal. These bacteria are present in the mouth, nose, throat, and spread from an infected individual to another via coughing, osculation, or the sharing of food or beverages. This infection can also spread from an infection of the brain, ear, nose, sinus, or throat. Such infection can also be spread by a head injury or head surgery (Drugs.com, 2013). Among children and young adults, meningococcus or Neisseria meningitides, and Streptococcus pneumonia occur frequently. These are the principal causes of meningitis in the US, and there are vaccines available for Neisseria meningitides, and Streptococcus pneumonia. These vaccines have been recommended for all the people who are special risk. The bacteria tend to spread from individual to individual via coughing and sneezing (Johnson,

To raise or lower tuition at a University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

To raise or lower tuition at a University - Essay Example The definition of revenue is actually total amount of money that a firm, in this case the university receives, from the goods and services it offers for sale. Average Revenue= TR/Q- This the total amount of fees paid by each individual student in the university. It’s the fee per student. Plot of these values on a graph will give us the demand curve of the university. If the students behave like rational consumers they will evaluate the effect of the rise in tuition fees on their gain in the institution. As we can observe from the above curves, we can say that an increase in price will lead to a decrease in the goods consumed. This is the case with normal economic expectation from the students who we categorically say that they are normal and rational consumers of the good which is education. It is true to say that an increase in fees may lead to decline in the number of students because some may drop out of school due to lack of funds to further or complete their studies. This is a decrease in Total revenue TR for the University from TR1 to TR2. This is actually because the price which is the tuition fees has increased from P1 to P2. This scenario the state university might loss revenues so if the students will behave like normal consumers they should reconsider that decision. An increase in tuition will also increase in revenue if the students do not withdraw their membership. Another scenario where the revenue may even escalate is when new students flood in to register as students of the university while the old ones retain their membership; this is because they associate the increase in tuition with an increase in services in the university. In this case the University will register high revenue and thus if the situation is good and the students behave like that, they should increase tuition for them to earn more revenue. The revenue will remain the same if

Panama Canal Essay Example for Free

Panama Canal Essay The topic that will be researched and analyzed in the following essay has to do with the Imperialist Era in the United States. The question is: â€Å"To what extend did the Panama Canal lead to our success as Imperialists? † The aspects I will be researching are the history of the Panama Canal, the problems related to it, and the consequences that lead to our success as Imperialists. In general, my method of investigation was a bibliographical research, based on information found in books and on the internet. As resources I used both primary and secondary sources. First, I have a database article from Texas Digital Library, and secondly I used an IB Diploma Programme Book called â€Å"History of the Americans† published by the Oxford University and written by Y. Berliner, T. Leppard, A. Mamaux, M. D. Rogers and D. Smith. Also, I based my essay on a book from a historian called Kenneth C. Davis. The book’s name is â€Å"Don’t know much about History†, and it was a New York Times bestseller. Furthermore, I used another article by an historian called Sarah Jane Gilbert. The article has the title â€Å"Panama Canal: Troubled History, Astounding Turnaround†. The primary source I found was a letter from President Roosevelt to the Senate and House of Representatives that is called â€Å"Message to Congress after Returning from the Canal Zone in Panama†. The idea for the Panama Canal was very old, almost since Balboa stood on the cliffs of Darien in modern Panama. In fact, in 1880 a French group led by Ferdinand de Lesseps put together a company with the capital of thousands of investors to build a canal across the Isthmus of Panama, back then still part of Colombia. But corruption, miserable engineering plans and the harsh realities of the Central American jungle with its rainy season floods, earthquakes, yellow fever and malaria doomed de Lesseps’ effort. After thousands of deaths and a little excavating, the French company had to abandon the jungle and left all the equipment behind. However, since there was some trouble with Cuba, the navy had to be sent from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic. The ship took 2 month to finally arrive and fight against Cuba. But that was taking way too long. In 1903, Theodore Roosevelt then decided to give the canal a second chance. After taking the decision of continuing the French canal and not building a new one in Nicaragua, the United States had purchased the rights to build the canal. Nevertheless, the territory also needed to be bought. Since Panama had been under the control of Colombia, the US Secretary of State John Hay negotiated that the US would lease the land for 100 years, pay $10 million for the lease and $250,000 a year for the duration of the lease. But the Colombian government rejected this offer. Since Roosevelt was known for his big stick policy, he helped the Panamanians revolutionize and also sent weapons and the US Navy to Panama. Shortly after the establishment of a new country, the initial offer had been accepted, and after the purchasing of the French equipment for $40 million, the digging could begin. Roosevelt himself wrote to the Senate and House of Representatives, that the Canal was making a good process. He let them know that people there were happy, and that there was a lot of advancement going on. Furthermore, the people in panama would be really nice, and that he was welcomed warmly. The historian Sarah Jane Gilbert wrote in an e-mail interview that the United States used military force and the threat of military force against Colombia (to detach Panama from Colombia) and against the new Panamanian government (to get a better deal for the Panama Canal). American warships prevented Colombia from responding to Panamas declaration of independence. The new government then appointed the head counsel of the French company as their foreign minister (he was not Panamanian and in fact lived in New York). The lawyer drafted a treaty that gave Panama a far lower share of the canal revenues than the United States could have received in a fair negotiation. When the new government balked at the treaty, Secretary of State J. Hay warned of grave consequences and threatened to send the Navy. The Panamanians soon capitulated. When writing an essay based on sources instead of doing an actual research, it is highly important to be critical about the sources one uses. One also has think about their accuracy, because one cannot always trust them a 100%. The first source I will analyze is the letter from Roosevelt. The origin is Roosevelt himself. He sent it to the Senate and House of Representatives. From there it had been taken and finally also typed up, so that an electronic version was available for everyone who wants to use or take a look at it. The purpose of the letter was to show them how great everything in Panama was going, and that people were fairly happy. The value is high, because it is from the President himself. But of course, he also wanted to show the Senate and House of Representatives how great everything was, and we can be sure that there are limits in terms of the accuracy. Earlier the day it was much easier for politicians to lie about a situation that took place far away from their homes, since nothing could be verified. Since Panama is located in the Tropics, the Climate with its rainy season, diseases, mosquitos and wild animals are very unpleasant. From a logic point of view we could say, that Roosevelt’s letter cannot be completely true at all. The second source I will analyze is the e-mail interview between the historian Sarah Jane Gilbert and the Harvard Business School. The origin is the website of the Harvard Business School. They sent e-mails with questions to the historian, and on that way they could interview her and published her responses. The purpose is to get some information from a historian, who wrote a book about this topic and knows a lot about it. That also means that the value is high, because she is an expert. But as far as limitations are concerned, we cannot be sure that everything she really said had been published. Eventually, some of the information had been rewritten. Also, S. J. Gilbert was not present during the construction process of the Panama Canal. She had to base her answers and her knowledge on other sources. Those might also be biased. Furthermore, we tend to give some part of an event more attention than we would give others. That’s why we cannot get a completely objective answer from any historian. The Panama Canal helped us very much as Imperialists. On one side, we increased the security because our Navy needs less time to get from one Ocean to the other one, but on the other side their reach is larger since they save fuel. Also, the Panama Canal increased our national income by 4%, since other ships also use it. Furthermore, our commercial ships can ship their goods at higher rates because they do not have to pass around the Cape Horn. However, we can be sure that all the history and consequences are aspects related to imperialism. The reason of that is because we used military and economic force to make an independent nation out of Panama and then used it for our own purposes. If we think about it, that is exactly what Imperialism is about. â€Å"The seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country† is the definition, and it applies to what happened. However, the canal did not directly make us imperialists, but helped us a lot, because we could control the Atlantic Ocean and take control of Caribbean islands. Our Navy controlled a big part of American continent. However, after some time, the canal became so expensive that is was not worth it keeping it under our command, so we gave it to the Panamanians, who control this piece of history at the moment. Due to the analysis of several sources, and the interpretation of them, I have found out that the Panama Canal did help us being imperialists. But it also helped us to continue being imperialists and also guard America. The liberation of the Panama and the creation of the Panama Canal were both acts of economic and military imperialism. Without the Panama Canal we would have been in quite some trouble, and also still would be in it today, since even right now it is actively being used by ships standing in rows to pass through it. Even if the most captains of those ships do not know much about the canal, they will always be grateful for the creation of it.

A Brief History of Robin Hood by Nigel Cawthorne Essay -- heroic advent

The legend of Robin Hood is widely known throughout the world. There are various literary works pertaining to the adventures and tales of Robin Hood. The main legacy that Robin and his band of merry men leave behind is the heroic concept of stealing from the rich and giving to the poor. The tale has been around for hundreds of years, and is still a recurring theme used for different types of entertainment such as movies, plays, and books. As with most historical heroes, the facts of their lives may have been slightly fabricated with the passing of time. This is especially true with the myth of Robin Hood. There have been many historians that have searched to find out where the true legend originated. In A Brief History of Robin Hood, Nigel Cawthorne describes that Robin Hood might have been â€Å"born in Loxely around 1160 and was an active outlaw around 1193-4, then outlawed again in 1225 until his death in 1247†1. Robin Hood lived in the forest with his gang, the merry men. The merry men were other outlaws that helped Robin Hood with his heroic adventures. Hood is generally depicted as wearing green tights with feathers in his hat. He also carries along side of him a bow and arrow. The outfit of Robin Hood has however been slightly manipulated because the clothes he is depicted wearing had not even been designed until hundreds of years after his life span. The legend has been able to adapt to centuries of different cultures and civilizations and has become more romanticized and has the ability to appeal to persons of all ages. The mysteries behind the legendary Robin Hood are endless. The major components to consider while looking into Robin Hoods past involve, his myths, similar outlaws, eliminating outlaws, and the truth behind the... ...d: Amberley, 2010. Print. pp. 195-197. 7. Bradbury, Jim. Robin Hood: Man and Myth. Stroud: Amberley, 2010. Print. pp. 185. 8. Bradbury, Jim. Robin Hood: Man and Myth. Stroud: Amberley, 2010. Print. pp. 185-186. 9. Cawthorne, Nigel. A Brief History of Robin Hood:. London: Robinson, 2010. Print. pp. 53 10. Bradbury, Jim. Robin Hood: Man and Myth. Stroud: Amberley, 2010. Print. pp. 205. 11. Rennison, Nick. Robin Hood: Myth, History and Culture. Harpenden, Herts: Pocket Essentials, 2012. Print. pp. 9. Bibliography 1. Baldwin, David. Robin Hood: The English Outlaw Unmasked. Stroud: Amberley, 2010. Print. 2. Bradbury, Jim. Robin Hood: Man and Myth. Stroud: Amberley, 2010. Print. 3. Cawthorne, Nigel. A Brief History of Robin Hood:. London: Robinson, 2010. Print. 4. Rennison, Nick. Robin Hood: Myth, History and Culture. Harpenden, Herts: Pocket Essentials, 2012. Print.

Weber and Marx: Inequality

Marx vs. Weber in today’s society Marx and Weber have not lived within the same social conditions we are facing today, and one question that may arise is, whose approach to social class and inequality is more compatible with today’s society? Taking a closer look at Weber’s analogy, and the concept of â€Å"life chances†, one may attempt to conclude that his approach is more flexible and fitting in today’s society. Weber offers a micro level analysis of inequality at the individual’s level, which makes his approach more versatile.Furthermore this approach can explain the changes in regards to class determination by the market situation over time through the concept of life chances. Marx is known for putting forth a theory of classes that is centered on economical grounds where â€Å"society [†¦] is [†¦] splitting up into two great hostile camps [†¦]: bourgeoisie and proletariat † (Marx, 1978, p. 474). Belonging to either class will depend on whether you own the means of production or not; from this system stems inequality.Weber takes a step further then Marx, and discusses other social forces then economical one, that influences social class and inequality. Weber put central importance to the concept of power, â€Å"the chance of a man or a number of men to realize their own will in a communal action even against the resistance of other who are participating in the action† (Weber, 2003, p. 95). The way power is distributed creates â€Å"three discrete but interrelated realms [classes, status groups and parties]† (Weber, 2003, p. 94).These three dimensions in relation to power are used to explain inequality. Distribution of power among classes leads to unequal access to material resources since classes are â€Å"purely economically determined† (Weber, 2003, p. 99). As for status power, one’s â€Å"social estimation of honor† (Weber, 2003, p. 99) determines the capac ity to exercise power upon those who view him or her as a superior. Class and Status power â€Å"influence one another and they influence the legal order and are in turn influence by it† (Weber, 2003, p. 99).Parties on the other hand, focus on gaining social power that enables them to have influence on decision-making. From Marx’s Manifesto of the communist party (1978) one can concluded that the Bourgeois and the proletariat are mutually dependent on one another, but this does not make them equal in a capitalist society. Weber does agree that the capitalist society and the â€Å"economy has a particularly determinative impact on the social order and power† (Weber, 2003, p. 94). However Weber points out that individual still have agency and â€Å"a relative autonomy to culture and politics† (Weber, 2003, p. 94).Hence, the determination of class-situation by the market situation cannot be exclusive to Marx view based on the relationship to the means of pro duction. Weber’s puts forth a concept of â€Å"life chances† which entails that even the dominated still have a scoop of choices. In today’s society, these choices have expanded and become more equal. For example, today’s market is seen to be a knowledge-based market, where higher education and skill set is given more value. Those in lower classes also have a possibility to compete in the labour market since higher education is becoming more accessible to everyone.Weber’s approach gains versatility by looking at the role of social action and therefore takes into consideration an individual’s â€Å"rationally motivated adjustments of interest† (Weber, 2003, p. 97). Marx’s approach focuses too much on the economical conditions, and although it may still be relevant today economy, it fails to accurately predicted other dimensions of life that have influenced social class and inequality. A shift to a knowledge base labour market an d increase in higher education accessibility has improved individuals â€Å"life chance†.However upon putting forth the argument that individuals have more choices now then before, one may questions the true intention of these choices. It could be, as Marx may suggest, an illusion of choice set forth by the dominant classes to prevent a revolution from the dominated class. Reference: Marx, K. and Friedrich E. (1978). Manifestation of the Communist Party. The Marx-Engels Reader, (2nd ed), edited by Robert C. Tuker. 473-483. Weber, M. (2003) Class, Status, Party. Social Theory: the Roots and Branches, edited by Peter Kivisto. 95-100.

Marketing: Sustaining Competitive Advantage

The major problem which prevented Callaway Golf Company from achieving its goals is lack of application of change management principles by the management. CGC was very successful in the environment of 80s but the management of the company did not realize that the situation changed in the 90s, and failed to react to the changes appropriately. 2. Situation Analysis. When CGC started operating in the market, the environment was very favorable for the company. There were very many people willing to play golf and the management of the company was efficient in targeting its customers. The company established very high prices in comparison with prices of competitors, but customers were willing to pay extra for a better product. Competitors in the market were not able to offer products of the same high quality with CGC. Besides, the number of competitors was very low. CGC constantly came up with innovations which attracted the attention of consumers while competitors were still too weak to compete with CGC’s innovations. The industry had only a few companies which did not create great danger for CGC. CGC’s sales were constantly increasing due to the increased number of new and retained customers. Consumers preferred their brand because it was much better known than any of the competitors. CGC spent large amounts of money on advertising budget in order to attract even more consumers. All of the factors of external environment were very favorable for CGC in the 80s. Even though CGC was very successful during 10 years of its activity in the market and remained in the top of the industry during all that time, it did not guarantee that the company would always get large profits. The situation in the market changed rapidly in the following years, and CGC’s management failed to react to the changes. First, the interest in golf started fading. It became more difficult for CGC to acquire new consumers. Second, the number of competitors also changed, and CGC was one of the reasons of that. Capital always flows in the direction of profitable industries. If in the past companies did not seek to enter the industry of golf equipment, after CGC started making large profits in it, many investors decided to start the companies produce golf equipment. In the beginning, these companies did not have large sales but eventually they started getting more and more powerful. Third, the nature of consumers changed a lot and the same strategy of high pricing was not always efficient. Fourth, CGC’s relationships with retailers were not very successful. CGC did not pay enough attention to establishing warm contacts with its retailers (for example one of the retailers mentioned that CGC’s terms of payment were not as favorable as the ones of other companies). CGC did not consider it necessary to provide special training for salespeople. Fifth, internet shops became very popular among customers but CGC did not want to increase its online sales, and thus was left far behind in e-commerce. CGC’s had to keep track of the changes which occurred in the market, but it failed to. In order to be successful, the company needed to establish a change management team as soon as the environment started changing. The change management team would be responsible for establishing a new structure of the company, training of employees and constantly fine-tuning the marketing mix of the company according to the changes of the environment. 3.Alternatives. Other alternatives to the establishment of change management team include: making minor changes in the marketing policy of the company in order to meet short-term goals; coming up with radical innovations in order to attract new customers. The first alternative could be useful for the company in the short run because it would allow it to temporarily increase sales and stop having losses. However, changes only in the marketing policy of the company would not be enough to keep the sales at a high level in a long run. Eventually, sales would start dropping again. The second alternative could be perfect in case if the industry was characterized by radical innovations, like computer industry. However, it is simply impossible to come up with some golf product which competitors would never be able to make in the industry of golf equipment production. Even if CGC achieved the increase in sales due to the innovations, competitors would soon start producing a similar product. Golf equipment industry is simply unable to come up with a product similar to Microsoft Windows which dominates the market in the computer industry. 4. Recommendation. The creation of change management team in CGC is therefore the most suitable solution for the company. It will enable CGC to achieve not only short-term but also long-term goals. The company needs to be restructured so that its structure better answers the requirements of the new environment. The new vision of the company also needs to be established. The change management team in the project needs to consist of eight people, five of which belong to senior-level management and three to top management. The main factors which the change managers need to weight to implement the change strategy successfully include: the size of the target market which the company will work on after the changes come into force; addressing immediate concerns which are important for the realization of the company’s goals; choosing priorities concerning centralized and de-centralized structure; the possibility of resistance to changes of certain employees; possible complications in adjusting of employees to the new structure. The program includes a deep analysis of factors which prevent the organization from growing, both internal and external. It requires the identification of the main internal and external factors driving change in the organizations. The change management team needs to achieve the following goals: restructure the company; provide balanced training for employees; improve the marketing mix of the company; increase the percentage of online sales of the company from 1% up to at least 40%. The company will be able to acquire new customers with the help of online shopping. It is also very important for CGC to pay attention to the relationships with retailers because in the competitive environment, the retailers determine the success of the producer in many ways. By providing adequate training of salespeople, CGC will also be able to increase its sales. 5. Implementation Plan. The implementation of change management plan in CGC is recommended to be done on the following steps: Creation of change management team; Identification of the major issues and guidelines which have to be addressed during the change process and establishment of management goals; Encouragement of employees to participate in the research of issues subject to change; Applications of various tools to reduce the resistance of employees to changes; Creation of a new vision in the company; Introduction of a new organization structure; Empowerment of employees and their involvement in the decision-making process in the company. Bibliography. Kotter, J.P. â€Å"Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fall.† Harvard Business Review, 73(2): 59.67. 1995. Mercer D. Marketing. Blackwell Business. 1992.

What a Star †What a Jerk Essays

What a Star – What a Jerk Essays What a Star – What a Jerk Paper What a Star – What a Jerk Paper 1.What are the facts (note: do not include opinions, observations, or assumptions)? The facts are as follows: the study is focused on a series of email between former coworkers Jane Epstein and Rick Lazarus of BCP that took place from 5/14/01 through 6/12/01. Jane just began to work at TechniCO, based in Minneapolis, as a group leader. Her new team consists of four team members: Caroline-who has been employed at TechniCO the longest, is going through a divorce, and has a sick mother, Tom-who works in sales, Jack, and Andy. Andy has on multiple occasions verbally accosted some of the team members and the administrative assistants (AAs). Andy has achieved positive numbers. Andy sent an email scolding Caroline about backing out of a meeting last minute. Jane held a meeting with Andy to discuss his behavior with his coworkers and in the meeting she told Andy to be nicer. Andy agreed to try to listen better and stop insulting the AAs. Eleven days after talking to Andy about his behavior Jane asked him to chair a meeting until she arrived. When Jane arrived she observed A ndy sneering and using dismissive language towards the group. Upon entering his office after the meeting, Jane looked at Andy and he shrugged and shook his head 2. What can be inferred from the facts (e.g., attitudes, values, group/individual relationships, relative power/influence)? Based on the facts of the case, attitudes, values and perceptions of the employees in the organization play important roles in building group or individual relationships and differences in these aspects can trigger conflicts and problems in the relationships established within the company or department.   Moreover, the culture and norms reflect and mold the personality of each and every individual.   In the business setting, employees work to meet a common goal and to effectively achieve such, the differences in values, culture and preferences must be tolerated and surpassed. A good working relationship can motivate the employees to work harder and enjoy the doing the job at the same time.   Evidently a problematic relationship among employees can affect the productivity of the employees and the revenue of the company.   Hence, it is essential to ensure a good and professional relationship among employees.   To ensure such, the roles of each employees and the expectations of the company must be clearly defined.   Office decorum, rules and regulations must be implemented to govern and control conflicts. Moreover, a manager or supervisor is appointed not only to monitor the productivity and performance of his subordinates but also to oversee other factors that affect both.   Consequently, it is the job of the manager to ensure that   harmonious and professional relationships exist among his subordinates. 3.   Which expert’s approach do you agree with and why (note: more than one expert or portions of more than one expert’s approach may be selected)? Each of the four expert opinions use approaches that I would agree with in some regard. The situation between the manager, Jane, and her employee, Andy, is common in most corporate structures. When an employee shows strong numbers and pleases external clients, managers may turn their heads away from internal interaction issues .Ms. Rowe’s approach came from a neutral position, and it can be important to ask for input from a similar source. Ms. Rowe’s neutrality allowed her to suggest that Jane should quickly collect information and analyze the situation. An effective manager should always ask all the questions first and analyze the data collected to determine the best solution for the whole team, including your personal interest. Ms. Jordon goes even further and believes that â€Å"clear expectations† should be set. Ms. Jordon thinks that it needs to be explained to Andy that not only numbers will be a measure of his success, but his behavior will also contribute to the measurement of his success. Though it is often much more difficult to quantify behavior compared to numbers both should measure ones success with a company. Mr. Waldrop suggested some very good points to analyze whether Andy’s behavior is acceptable according to societal standards. Mr. Waldrop also suggested setting clear expectations and lay them out on the table to what type of behavior is acceptable in a workplace. Although Mr. Waldrop’s approach was a bit dramatic and focused more specifically on a single employee, it might work better to set the expectations and examples of acceptable behavior with all employees in a more standard setting. The approach that I would most agree to if I had to only choose one approach and not a combination of the various approaches is that of Mr. McKenzie. Due to Andy’s performance it would be a bit foolish for any company in this situation to fire an employee that pulls their own weight and tends to perform in the top ranks. Bottom line, revenue is one of the most important aspects of a business so as long as the company comes off as transparent to their external clients, internal issues should not be the highest concern. The best suggestion is to put Andy in a role that is the most suitable toward his personality and allows him to continue to succeed for the company. People are extremely difficult to â€Å"re-shape†, so instead an effective manager often needs to reorganize and adapt the team to â€Å"best fit† the company’s needs. Jane is in a difficult situation. On one hand Jane needs to prove that she is a team leader, but on the other hand she has a disr uptive member on her team. If Jane is able to pull from the expertise, and suggestions of each Jane will be able to shape her team to maximize productivity both internally and externally. 4.   Discuss why you disagree with each of the remaining perspectives (note: discuss the remaining perspectives individually). Ms. Mary Rowes perspectives are focused on gathering information which is essential in formulating corporate strategies and decisions.   However, if her suggestions are closely scrutinized, the objectives of her perspective is more on the protection of Janes position in the company.   Moreover, it is fixated at controlling an individual employee and not on improving the relationships of all the employees of the group which should be prioritized in the first place. On the other hand, Ms. Kathy Jordans perspectives require Jane to act as quickly as possible.   Although a manager must be decisive, sometimes the need to study and contemplate the situation must be done.   Otherwise, unfavorable results will be achieved due to impulsiveness.   Her suggestions are a bit vague but simple.   What is impressive about her opinion is the fact that she recognized the hidden agenda that Rick Lazarus might have against Jane.   She was only the one who mentioned something about it.   However, she failed to notice that Jane should also respect her subordinates and companys right to privacy and confidentiality by not divulging information to outsiders. James Waldroops outlook, on the other hand, were more practical and hands-on.   The tips he provided in handling Andy were really helpful and simple.   He provided ways and tactics on how to handle a person like Andy by citing examples and providing a profile and background about the type of personality that Andy has.   However, the suggestions failed to spot that the problem is not solely focused on Andys attitude and personality.   Although it is apparent that his attitude is affecting the performance of the group, the core problem and concern of this case is on improving the employee relationships to achieve the goals of the company.

Overview of Spanish Verb Tenses

Overview of Spanish Verb Tenses It almost goes without saying that the tense of a verb depends upon when the verbs action takes place. So it shouldnt be surprising that the Spanish word for tense in the grammatical sense is tiempo, the same as the word for time. In the simplest sense, there are three tenses: the past, present, and future. Unfortunately for anyone learning most languages, including English and Spanish, it is seldom that simple. Spanish also has a tense not connected to time, as well as two types of simple past tenses. Overview of Spanish Tenses Although both Spanish and English have complex tenses that use auxiliary verbs, students often begin by learning four types of simple tenses: The present tense is the most common tense and the one invariably learned first in Spanish classes.The future tense is most often used to refer to events that havent happened yet, but it can also be used for emphatic commands and, in Spanish, to indicate uncertainty about current happenings.The past tenses of Spanish are known as the preterite and the imperfect. To simplify, the first is usually used to refer to something that happened at a specific point in time, while the latter is used to describe events where the time period isnt specific.The conditional tense, also known in Spanish as el futuro hipotà ©tico, the future hypothetical, is different than the others in that it isnt clearly connected with a particular time period. As the name implies, this tense is used to refer to events that are conditional or hypothetical in nature. This tense should not be confused with the subjunctive mood, a verb form that also can refer to actions that arent necessarily real. Verb Conjugation In Spanish, verb tenses are formed by changing the endings of verbs, a process known as conjugation. We sometimes  conjugate verbs  in English, for example adding -ed to indicate the past tense. In Spanish, the process is much more extensive. For example, the future tense is expressed using conjugation rather than by using an additional word such as will or shall in English. There are five types of conjugation for simple tenses: Present tenseImperfectPreteriteFutureConditional In addition to the simple tenses already listed, it is possible in both Spanish and English to form what is known as the perfect tense by using a form of the verb haber in Spanish, to have in English, with the past participle. These compound tenses are known as present perfect, the pluperfect or past perfect, the preterite perfect (limited mostly to literary use), the future perfect and the conditional perfect. A Closer Look at Spanish Tenses Although the tenses of Spanish and English are very much alike- after all, the two languages share a common ancestor, Indo-European, with origins dating to prehistoric times- Spanish has some peculiarities in its tense usage: The differences in the past tenses of ser and estar can be especially subtle.Sometimes, the word used to translate a Spanish verb can vary depending on the tense used.It is possible to describe events that will happen in the future without using the future tense.While the English auxiliary verb would is often an indication that the conditional tense is being used, such isnt always the case.Although the conditional tense is a common one, there are also  conditional sentences that use other forms of verbs.By using estar as an auxiliary verb in the various tenses, it is possible to form progressive verbs that can be used in various tenses.

Sound media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sound media - Essay Example t that the radio is a critical tool in promoting different records, many people have not taken the time to understand the relationship between the labels and the radio stations. In the recent past, there are multiple radio stations, some of them streaming online. This means that, there is a higher chance of radios promoting records. This paper will consider how records are promoted highlighting the role of the radio as well as an overview of the cultural influences of both recording and radio industries. Records are promoted using different media, and the radio has been one of the influential media forms in promoting records. Record labels usually hire a promoter who ensures that the record receives air play on different radio stations. These records usually seek to exploit the available opportunity presented by the diverse audience listening to the radio. Although record labels ensure that their music is in different distribution shops before it is given popularity through the radio, it is evident that the radio plays a critical role. Statistics indicate that the radio contributes about 19-23% popularity to a certain record. When listeners get to hear of a certain record through the radio, and become interested, they go to the distribution shops and makes purchases of the specific records (Spence, 2011). In this way, the performers earn indirect revenue from radio promotion. On the other hand, radio stations ensure that there is a continuous streaming of music preferred by the audience so that they can create a favorable environment for advertisers. In this way, radio stations benefit indirectly from promoting different records. Notably, this symbiotic relationship ensures that both the record labels and the radio benefit indirectly at the end. This explains why many radio stations are willing to give free airplay to different records. Worth noting is the fact that, royalties are only paid to the composers and the publishers (p. 67). Without doubt, both the